Current Status and Progress of Biomedical Metal Materials

Performance requirements of the biomedical metal materials：

(1) Mechanical Properties:

Biomedical metal materials should generally have sufficient strength and toughness, appropriate elasticity and hardness, good fatigue resistance, creep resistance and the necessary wear resistance and self-lubricating properties.

(2) Corrosion Resistance:

The main corrosion of biomedical metal materials are: the surface of the implant material is exposed to the human physiological environment electrolysis, which is a general uniform corrosion; pitting corrosion caused by the implantable material mixed with impurities; intergranular corrosion caused by various components and different physical and chemical properties; galvanic corrosion caused by the mixed use of different materials of ionization energy; wear corrosion between the gap of the implant and human tissue; stress corrosion caused by stress concentration of the implant material at a certain site when there is a load; fatigue corrosion caused by repeated loading of the implant material damage and fracture, etc.

(3) Biocompatibility:

Biocompatibility refers to the degree of mutual inclusion and adaptation of human tissue and implant material, that is to say whether the implant material will cause damage to human tissue, poisoning and other harmful effects. Biomedical materials must have excellent biocompatibility, specifically reflected in: non-toxic to the human body, no stimulation, no carcinogenic, no mutations and other effects; no rejection of the human body; and the surrounding bones and other tissues can be firmly combined, it is best to form chemical bonding and biological activity; no hemolysis, coagulation reaction, that is, antithrombotic. Biocompatibility is an important indicator to measure the merits of biomaterials.